2025, Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part B

Background: Gallstone disease is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, varying globally between 5-25%. Despite its significant burden in the Middle East, Iraqi populations remain underrepresented in research, limiting healthcare planning. This study investigates gallstone prevalence and associated risk factors among patients undergoing abdominal ultrasonography at Alexandria General Hospital, Babylon, Iraq, addressing critical epidemiological knowledge gaps.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted over 12 months (January-December 2024) involving 1,247 adult patients aged ?18 years referred for abdominal ultrasonography. Systematic random sampling selected every third eligible patient. Data collection employed structured questionnaires assessing sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle factors, and family history. Standardized ultrasonographic examinations were performed using high-resolution equipment by experienced radiologists. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent risk factors.

Results: The overall gallstone prevalence was 18.4% (95% CI: 16.2-20.8%), with significantly higher rates among females (23.8%) compared to males (9.4%), yielding a female-to-male ratio of 2.53:1. Age-stratified analysis revealed progressive prevalence increases: 8.2% (18-39 years), 21.1% (40-59 years), and 28.2% (?60 years). Multivariable analysis identified female gender (adjusted OR=2.45), advanced age (adjusted OR=3.12 for ?60 years), obesity (adjusted OR=2.67), diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR=1.84), family history (adjusted OR=2.19), physical inactivity (adjusted OR=1.52), and multiparity (adjusted OR=1.73) as independent risk factors.