Author(s): Hussein Hadi Jaber and Riyadh Shiltagh Al-Rudaini

Abstract: Background: Breast carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women, highlighting the need for early detection. The Triple Test (TT)—comprising clinical examination, imaging (Mammography/Ultrasound), and biopsy—remains a reliable diagnostic tool for breast cancer. This study aimed to assess its impact on diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and potential influence on clinical guidelines and healthcare policies. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the role of the TT in the early management of breast carcinoma at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from September 2022 to September 2023. The study included female patients with breast-related complaints, such as palpable masses, nipple discharge, and axillary abnormalities. Participants were selected based on clinical, mammographic, or ultrasonographic findings suggestive of breast disease. A total of 276 patients were initially screened, with 112 diagnosed or suspected of having breast carcinoma. Data collection included structured interviews, clinical examinations, and diagnostic imaging, with ethical approval and informed consent obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Among the 112 participants, most were aged 20–39 years (57.2%) and married (77.6%). Self-examination was the most common method of detection (61.6%). Clinical presentation included lumps (66.0%), and imaging findings included mixed results on ultrasonography (58.0%) and micro-calcifications on mammography (71.4%). Cytology revealed suspicious findings in 69.6%, and histopathology identified 88.4% of cases as ductal carcinoma. Tumor grading showed that 82.2% had Grade II tumors. Conclusions: This study underscores the TT—clinical breast examination, ultrasonography, and FNAC—as an effective tool for early breast cancer detection in resource-limited settings such as Iraq. The study advocates for the routine use of the TT, alongside increasing public awareness and healthcare provider training to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce delays in treatment.

DOI: 10.22271/27081494.2024.v6.i2c.122

Pages: 117-121 | Views: 72 | Downloads: 24

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